CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE KINETICS OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUSPENSION DURING THE HYDROMECHANICAL SYNTHESIS OF VANADIUM PENTOXIDE NANOBELTS
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Abstract
This study investigates the correlations between the kinetics of structural transformations and the physicochemical characteristics of suspensions during the hydromechanical synthesis of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanobelts. One-dimensional nanostructures such as nanobelts, nanowires, and nanotubes are of great interest due to their unique physical properties and wide-ranging applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Hydromechanical synthesis is highlighted as an environmentally friendly and parameter-flexible technique for controlled nanostructure formation.
The research focuses on the effects of key parameters—including pH, temperature, stirring intensity, and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration—on the morphology and quality of the nanobelts. Using commercial V₂O₅ powder, suspensions were prepared and processed under varied conditions in a custom-designed reactor enabling precise control of temperature and mixing speed. Changes in pH, viscosity, and electrical conductivity were monitored throughout the synthesis.
Two main experimental variables were investigated: stirring speed and NaCl concentration. Results show that increased stirring enhances the formation of elongated nanostructures by altering crystallization dynamics. High-speed mixing induces shear stresses that disturb chemical equilibrium, promoting anisotropic growth and significantly reducing synthesis time. NaCl was identified as a catalytic agent that further accelerates the transformation of V₂O₅ agglomerates into nanobelts. Without NaCl, full transformation may take months, but with its addition, it occurs within a week.
The morphology of the synthesized nanobelts was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming successful formation with average dimensions of ~2.3 µm in length and 42.6 nm in width. SEM image data were used to generate histograms and statistical distributions of nanobelt sizes via specialized software. The analysis confirmed a strong link between synthesis conditions and the resulting dimensions of the nanostructures.
In addition, changes in pH and other suspension properties served as real-time indicators of synthesis progress. Lowering pH correlated with increased viscosity and noticeable color changes, which tracked the formation of colloidal solutions and nanobelts.
These findings demonstrate that understanding and controlling the relationship between suspension parameters and structural transformation kinetics is critical to optimizing hydromechanical synthesis. The results enhance the knowledge of nanobelt growth mechanisms and offer a framework for improving synthesis efficiency and material quality. This contributes to the broader development of V₂O₅ nanobelts for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and next-generation electronic and photonic technologies.
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References
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