CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYANILINE COMPOSITES WITH VANADIUM PENTOXIDE

Abstract

A comprehensive analysis was conducted on polyaniline (PANI) composites synthesized with the addition of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) in the form of dispersed powder and one-dimensional nanobelts. The electrical, morphological, and structural properties of the resulting composites were investigated, and the influence of the filler’s shape and size on the polymer matrix formation was assessed. It was established that the synthesized polyaniline exhibits electrical conductivity typical of semiconducting polymers, with a specific conductivity of approximately 0.007 S/cm, whereas for PANI/V₂O₅ composites this value decreases to around 0.004 S/cm. The reduction in conductivity is attributed to the physicochemical characteristics of V₂O₅, which act as additional scattering centers for charge carriers, as well as to the specific redox interactions between the polymer matrix and the oxide surface, affecting the structure and conformation of the polymer chains.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in the composite samples the characteristic crystalline peaks of V₂O₅ are significantly weakened or almost absent, while the overall scattering profile is dominated by the amorphous phase of the polymer matrix. This structural effect indicates intense adsorption of the polymer chains on the surface of oxide particles during synthesis, confirming the integration of vanadium pentoxide into the composite structure and the formation of a heterogeneous “core–shell” system.